Base64
Base64 Encoding
A binary-to-text encoding scheme that represents binary data as ASCII characters.
Technical Detail
Base64 encoding maps every 3 bytes of binary data to 4 ASCII characters from a 64-character alphabet (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /). This increases size by ~33% but ensures safe transmission through text-only channels. Data URIs (data:image/png;base64,...) embed small files directly in HTML/CSS, eliminating HTTP requests at the cost of larger HTML. Base64url variant replaces +/ with -_ for URL safety. Padding with '=' ensures output length is always a multiple of 4.
Example
```javascript
// Encode string to Base64
const encoded = btoa('Hello, World!'); // 'SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ=='
// Decode Base64 to string
const decoded = atob('SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ=='); // 'Hello, World!'
// File to Base64 Data URI
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.onload = () => console.log(reader.result);
// → 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgo...'
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
```
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